Second edition

Inhoudsopgave:

Preface to the second edition		viii	(2)
Preface to the first edition		x	(1)
Acknowledgements		xi	(1)
List of symbols		xii
Chapter 1 The scope and controls of the climate		1	(16)
1.1 The science of climatology		2	(2)
1.2 The development of climatology		4	(5)
1.3 Climatic elements		9	(1)
1.4 The climate system		10	(4)
1.5 Climatological space and time scales		14	(1)
Box 1.A Climate applications and impacts: the use of climatological knowledge		15	(1)
Box 1.I The climate observing system		16	(1)
Chapter 2 The Earth`s radiation budget		17	(22)
2.1 The nature of radiation		17	(4)
2.2 Solar radiation reaching the Earth		21	(2)
2.3 Interaction of solar radiation with the atmosphere		23	(2)
2.4 Solar radiation at the Earth`s surface		25	(6)
2.5 Terrestrial radiation		31	(1)
2.6 The global radiation budget		32	(2)
2.7 Surface radiation budgets		34	(2)
Box 2.A Application of solar radiation information		36-8	(2)
Box 2.I Instruments and methods for monitoring radiation		26-8	(2)
Chapter 3 Energy and temperature		39	(17)
3.1 Surface energy budgets		39	(5)
3.2 Major surface types and their consequences		44	(1)
3.3 Temperatures at the Earth`s surface		45	(2)
3.4 The temperature structure of the atmosphere		47	(2)
Box 3.A Applications of energy and temperature information		49-52	(3)
Box 3.I The measurement of temperature		52-5	(3)
Chapter 4 Moisture in the atmosphere		56	(19)
4.1 Evaporation		57	(4)
4.2 Moisture in the atmosphere		61	(2)
4.3 Cloud types and distribution		63	(4)
4.4 Cloud formation		67	(2)
4.5 Hydrostatic stability		69	(3)
Box 4.A Application of moisture information		72-4	(2)
Box 4.I Monitoring water in the air		58-60	(2)
Chapter 5 Precipitation		75	(18)
5.1 Precipitation formation		75	(3)
5.2 Precipitation at the ground		78	(6)
5.3 Global precipitation distribution		84	(4)
5.4 The surface water budget		88	(3)
Box 5.A Applications of precipitation information		91-2	(1)
Box 5.I The measurement of precipitation		80-3	(3)
Chapter 6 Winds and pressure		93	(14)
6.1 Atmospheric pressure		93	(2)
6.2 Air movement around a rotating planet		95	(6)
6.3 Barotropic and baroclinic conditions		101	(4)
Box 6.A Applications of wind information		105-6	(1)
Box 6.I Measurement of pressure and winds		93-4	(1)
Chapter 7 The general circulation and global climate		107	(18)
7.1 The function of the general circulation		107	(2)
7.2 The nature of the general circulation of the atmosphere		109	(4)
7.3 Large-scale effects of the surface boundary		113	(4)
7.4 Climate classification and regions		117	(1)
Box 7.A Succinct and accurate climate descriptions		118-19	(1)
Box 7.I Combining and comparing observations		124	(1)
Chapter 8 Tropical weather and climate		125	(26)
8.1 Tropical climates -- the Hadley cell		125	(9)
8.2 Tropical climates -- the monsoon regime		134	(4)
8.3 Hurricanes		138	(7)
8.4 El Nino and the Southern Oscillation		145
Box 8.A Impacts: hurricanes and ENSO		142-4	(2)
Box 8.I Monitoring the ocean surface		148-50	(2)
Chapter 9 Extra-tropical weather and climate		151	(28)
9.1 The mid-latitude baroclinic zone		151	(4)
9.2 Mid-latitude weather		155	(7)
9.3 Mid-latitude climate regions		162	(8)
9.4 Polar climates		170	(3)
Box 9.A Applications old and new		173-6	(3)
Box 9.I Observational networks		176-8	(2)
Chapter 10 Local climates		179	(23)
10.1 Factors controlling local climates		179	(3)
10.2 Interactions between surfaces		182	(2)
10.3 The urban climate		184	(8)
10.4 The influence of topography		192	(6)
10.5 The influence of larger-scale atmospheric features		198
Box 10.A Airflow around obstacles: applications and impacts		188-91	(3)
Box 10.1 Defining and measuring local climates		200-1	(1)
Chapter 11 Human interaction with climate		202	(24)
11.1 The impacts of climate on humans		202	(12)
11.2 Human modifications of the atmosphere		214	(9)
11.3 Changes in the character of the surface		223
Box 11.A Climate impacts on an electric utility		203-4	(1)
Box 11.I Derived variables for practical use		210-13	(3)
Chapter 12 Climates of the past		226	(21)
12.1 Palaeoclimatic observations		226	(3)
12.2 Past climates		229	(7)
12.3 Mechanisms of climate change		236	(7)
Box 12.A Climate and long-term ecological change		243-4	(1)
Box 12.1 The use of proxy variables		245-6	(1)
Chapter 13 Modelling the climate		247	(20)
13.1 A simple global energy balance model		247	(5)
13.2 Global-scale climate models		252	(6)
13.3 Regional and local climate models		258	(5)
Box 13.A Spatial models for applications and impacts		263-5	(2)
Box 13.I Linking models and observations		265-6	(1)
Chapter 14 Climate, climate change and the future		267	(23)
14.1 Implications of climate variability and change		267	(5)
14.2 Climate forecasts		272	(4)
14.3 Scenarios of future climates		276	(12)
Box 14.A Estimating future climates for decision-making		288-9	(1)
Box 14.I Monitoring for climate change		281-2	(1)
Appendix A -- SI units		290	(3)
Appendix B -- Selected World Wide Web sites		293	(3)
Glossary		296	(8)
Bibliography		304	(8)
Index		312

Extra informatie: Ingenaaid: paperback,kaft slap Verschenen: juni 1999 Gewicht: 748 gram Formaat: 254 x 197 x 19 mm Pearson Higher Education

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